Keywords
Family farming
Food security
Socio-demographic Characterisation,
Smallholder farms
Food security
Socio-demographic Characterisation,
Smallholder farms
How to Cite
Ahungwa, G. T., Sani, R.M., Murtala, N, & Adeleke, E.A. (2020). Socio-Demographic Charactisation and Food Security Analysis of Family Farmers in Jigawa State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Economics, Environment and Social Sciences, 6(1), 80-94. Retrieved from http://www.jaeess.com.ng/index.php/jaeess/article/view/41
Abstract
The study examined the nexus between socio-demographic characteristics and food security status of family farmers in Jigawa State, Nigeria. Using a representative sample of 266 farm families, data were collected with the aid of questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, food security index and binary logistic regression. Estimates from the independent sample t-test of quantitative socio-demographic variables show significant difference in the selected variables, except, farm size and family own production among food secure and food insecure families. Age categorization of family members depicts marked differential in the food need across different age groups, except for the aged (60 years and above). Based on food security threshold of 2,730kcal/day/person, 58% of the families were food insecure with food consumption deficit of 39% below the food security line. Results of the binary logistic analysis show that food security increased significantly and consistently with increase in per capita income and attainment of post-primary education. Conversely, increased proportion of infants (5 years or less), children aged 6-17 years and adults aged 17-59 years significantly diminished the likelihood of farm families’ food security. The policy implications of these findings are that, food security at the farm family level can be achieved through a sustained support and investment in education to enhance the capacity of the youthful categories to increase the demographic dividends such as productive labour force associated with large family size. In addition, there is need to increase the income frontier of family farmers through economic diversification to augment the overt reliance on families own food production.
References
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Bogale, A. (2012). Vulnerability of smallholder rural households to food insecurity in Eastern Ethiopia. Food Security 4 (4):581–591.
Burchi, F and De-Muro P (2007). Education for Rural People: A Neglected Key to Food Security. Departmental Working Paper of Economics 78, University RomaTre, Italy, 46pp.
Chiriţescu, V and Kruzslicika, M. (2015). The role of family farms to ensure food security, Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2015, Pp 103-108.
Coleman-Jensen, A.; N. M. Andrews and M. C. Steven, (2011). Statistical Supplement to Household Food Security in the United States in 2010: AP-057. USDA, Economic Research Service http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/ap-administrative-publication/ap-057.aspx. Accessed 6/7/2018.
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Magana-Lemus D., Ishdorj A., Parr Rosson, C and Lava-Alvarez, J. (2016). Determinants of household food insecurity in Mexico. Agricultural and Food Economics, 4 (10): 1–20.
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Ogundari, K. (2017). Categorizing households into different food security states in Nigeria: the socioeconomic and demographic determinants. Agricultural and Food Economics, 5:8 DOI 10.1186/s40100-017-0076-y. Accessed 22/5/2018.
Population Institute (2015). Where Population Growth. In ACF report for Central and West Africa, 2016: Nigeria Trend Analysis; challenges and opportunities of the demographic shift and its link to stunting: An outlook to 2030. 18pp.
Sibhatu, K.T and Qaim, M. (2017). Rural food security, subsistence agriculture and seasonality. PLoS ONE 12(10): e0186406. https://doi.org/. Accessed 28/8/2019.
Tefera, T and Tefera, F. (2014). “Determinants of Households Food Security and Coping Strategies for Food Shortfall in Mareko District, Guraghe Zone Southern Ethiopia.” Journal of Food Security, 2:(3):92-99.
The Economist (2017). The Economist Intelligence Unit Global Food Security Index, http://foodsecurityindex.eiu.com,. Accessed 15/April, 2018.
Theriault, V., M. Smale and Haider, H. (2017). How Does Gender Affect Sustainable Intensification of Cereal Production in the West African Sahel? Evidence from Burkina Faso, World Development, 92: 177–191.
Uma, K.E., Eboh, F. E.., Obidike, P.C. and Ogwuru, H.O.R. (2014). Stimulating food production in Nigeria for sustainable development: lessons from China. American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 5(3): 88-96.
UNDP (2012). Africa Human Development Report 2012: Towards a Food Secure Future,http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/africa-human-development-report-2012. Accessed 17/10/2016.
USAID (2012). Sampling and Household Listing Manual: Demographic and Health Survey’s (DHS) Toolkit of methodology for the MEASURE DHS Phase III project, implemented from 2008-2013, ICF International Calverton, Maryland USA, Pp 109.
Vhurumuku, E. (2014). Food Security Indicators. Integrating Nutrition and Food Security Programming for emergency response workshop, 17-27 February, 2014, Nairobi.
Von Grebmer, K..,Bernstein, J ., Hossain, N., Brown, T., Prasai, N., Yohannes, Y., Patterson, F., Sonntag, A.S., Zimmermann, M., Towey, O. and Foley, C. (2017). 2017 Global Hunger Index: The Inequalities of Hunger. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute; Bonn: Welthungerhilfe; and Dublin: Concern Worldwide.
Yelwa, M.A. (2014). Polygamy and law in Northern Nigeria: A case study of its practice and impact on women’s right in Bauchi State. A PhD thesis submitted to International Islamic University Malaysia, March, 2014.
Ahmed, U.I., Ying L., Bashir M.K., Abid M and Zulfiqar, F. (2017). Status and determinants of small farming households’ food security and role of market access in enhancing food security in rural Pakistan. PLoS ONE, 12(10):1-15.
Aidoo, R., Mensah, J.O., and Tauffuor, T. (2013). Determinants of Household Food Security in the Sekyere-Afram Plains District of Ghana. Paper presented to the 1st Annual International Interdisciplinary Conference, AIIC 2013, 24-26 April, Azores, Portugal.
Babatunde, R.O., Omotesho, O.A. and Sholotan, O.S. (2007). Socio-economics characteristics and food security status of farming households in Kwara State, North-Central Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 6(1):49–58.
Barrett, C. B. (2010). Measuring food insecurity. Science, 327 (5967): 825–828.
Bogale, A. (2012). Vulnerability of smallholder rural households to food insecurity in Eastern Ethiopia. Food Security 4 (4):581–591.
Burchi, F and De-Muro P (2007). Education for Rural People: A Neglected Key to Food Security. Departmental Working Paper of Economics 78, University RomaTre, Italy, 46pp.
Chiriţescu, V and Kruzslicika, M. (2015). The role of family farms to ensure food security, Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2015, Pp 103-108.
Coleman-Jensen, A.; N. M. Andrews and M. C. Steven, (2011). Statistical Supplement to Household Food Security in the United States in 2010: AP-057. USDA, Economic Research Service http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/ap-administrative-publication/ap-057.aspx. Accessed 6/7/2018.
Cordero-Ahiman, O. V. Santellano-Estrada, E., and Garrido, A. (2017). Explaining food insecurity among indigenous households of the Sierra Tarahumara in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 15(1)e 0106. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2017151-10151. Accessed 5/9/2018.
FAO (1996). Food requirements and population growth. In: World Food Summit, Technical Background Documents 1-5, vol. 1. Rome: FAO. Available from http://www.fao.org/wfs/index_en.htm. Accessed 30/9/2016.
FAO (2013). The State of Food Insecurity in the World: The multiple dimensions of food security.
FAO (2014). The state of food insecurity in the world: Strengthening the enabling environment for food security and nutrition. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
FAO (2016). Nigeria Food Security and Vulnerability Survey, Published by FAO representation in Nigeria, November, 2016.
Felker-Kantor, E and Wood, C.H (2012). Female-headed households and food insecurity in Brazil. Food Security. 2012, 4: 607–617.
Hosmer, D.W., and Lemeshow, S. (2000). Applied logistic regression. John Wiley and Sons, NY, USA.
Jigawa State Agriculture Policy (2016). Jigawa State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy Document, 2016. Pp 1 – 47.
Lele, U., Masters, W.A., Kinabo, J., Meenakshi, J., Ramaswami, B., Tagwireyi, J., Bell, W. and Goswami, S. (2016). Measuring Food and Nutrition Security: An Independent Technical Assessment and User’s Guide for Existing Indicators. Measuring Food and Nutrition Security Technical Working Group. Rome: Food Security Information Network. Available at http://www.fsincop.net/topics/fns-measurement. Accessed 28/8/2017.
MacGillivray, I. C (2015). Smallholder farmers and Rural Transformation at the Nexus of Post-2015 Issues, Nexus: Food, Water & Energy Milano EXPO 2015, May 21, 2015. http://www.ifad.org/governance/post2015/index.htm.
Magana-Lemus D., Ishdorj A., Parr Rosson, C and Lava-Alvarez, J. (2016). Determinants of household food insecurity in Mexico. Agricultural and Food Economics, 4 (10): 1–20.
Matemilola, S. and Elegbede, I. (2017). The Challenges of Food Security in Nigeria. Open Access Library Journal, 4: 1-15e4185. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1104185. Accessed 12/3/2018.
MDGs Report (2013). Nigeria Millennium Development Goals 2013 report, www.mdgs.gov.ng, Accessed 6/10/2016.
Metu, G.A., Okeyika, K.O and Maduka, O.D. (2016). Achieving sustainable food security in Nigeria: Challenges and way forward, 3rd International Conference on African Development Issues (CU-ICADI 2016), Covenant University, Nigeria.
NBS (2015). National Nutrition Health Survey: National Bureau of Statistics Report on Nutrition and Health Situation in Nigeria, 2015. 149pp.
NBS (National Bureau of Statistics) (2013). Demographic Statistics Bulletin 2013. A publication of Demographic Statistic Division, Pp1-15.
NPC (2016). Population Estimate of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Abuja, Analytical Report at the National Population Commission Nigeria.
Ogundari, K. (2017). Categorizing households into different food security states in Nigeria: the socioeconomic and demographic determinants. Agricultural and Food Economics, 5:8 DOI 10.1186/s40100-017-0076-y. Accessed 22/5/2018.
Population Institute (2015). Where Population Growth. In ACF report for Central and West Africa, 2016: Nigeria Trend Analysis; challenges and opportunities of the demographic shift and its link to stunting: An outlook to 2030. 18pp.
Sibhatu, K.T and Qaim, M. (2017). Rural food security, subsistence agriculture and seasonality. PLoS ONE 12(10): e0186406. https://doi.org/. Accessed 28/8/2019.
Tefera, T and Tefera, F. (2014). “Determinants of Households Food Security and Coping Strategies for Food Shortfall in Mareko District, Guraghe Zone Southern Ethiopia.” Journal of Food Security, 2:(3):92-99.
The Economist (2017). The Economist Intelligence Unit Global Food Security Index, http://foodsecurityindex.eiu.com,. Accessed 15/April, 2018.
Theriault, V., M. Smale and Haider, H. (2017). How Does Gender Affect Sustainable Intensification of Cereal Production in the West African Sahel? Evidence from Burkina Faso, World Development, 92: 177–191.
Uma, K.E., Eboh, F. E.., Obidike, P.C. and Ogwuru, H.O.R. (2014). Stimulating food production in Nigeria for sustainable development: lessons from China. American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 5(3): 88-96.
UNDP (2012). Africa Human Development Report 2012: Towards a Food Secure Future,http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/africa-human-development-report-2012. Accessed 17/10/2016.
USAID (2012). Sampling and Household Listing Manual: Demographic and Health Survey’s (DHS) Toolkit of methodology for the MEASURE DHS Phase III project, implemented from 2008-2013, ICF International Calverton, Maryland USA, Pp 109.
Vhurumuku, E. (2014). Food Security Indicators. Integrating Nutrition and Food Security Programming for emergency response workshop, 17-27 February, 2014, Nairobi.
Von Grebmer, K..,Bernstein, J ., Hossain, N., Brown, T., Prasai, N., Yohannes, Y., Patterson, F., Sonntag, A.S., Zimmermann, M., Towey, O. and Foley, C. (2017). 2017 Global Hunger Index: The Inequalities of Hunger. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute; Bonn: Welthungerhilfe; and Dublin: Concern Worldwide.
Yelwa, M.A. (2014). Polygamy and law in Northern Nigeria: A case study of its practice and impact on women’s right in Bauchi State. A PhD thesis submitted to International Islamic University Malaysia, March, 2014.
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